Effects of Brain-stimulation on Metamemory Monitoring and Control
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| First Submitted Date ICMJE | September 21, 2018 | ||
| First Posted Date ICMJE | October 3, 2018 | ||
| Last Update Posted Date | October 3, 2018 | ||
| Actual Study Start Date ICMJE | September 3, 2018 | ||
| Estimated Primary Completion Date | June 30, 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||
| Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
Memory Control Advantage Index[ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 weeks ] This indexes the memory advantage for choosing which general knowledge question one receives a hint about the answer to versus having the experimenter choose which general knowledge question one receives a hint about the answer. The investigators will subtract the proportion of correctly recognized general knowledge answers for experimenter-chosen questions from the proportion correctly recognized for participant-chosen questions |
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| Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | ||
| Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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| Descriptive Information | |||
| Brief Title ICMJE | Effects of Brain-stimulation on Metamemory Monitoring and Control |
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| Official Title ICMJE | Effects of Brain-stimulation on the Feeling-of-knowing and Hint Choices |
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| Brief Summary | Sometimes when people fail to recall information, they nevertheless have a feeling-of-knowing that the sought after information resides in their memory. These subjective feelings often correlate with later memory, but sometimes feeling of knowing judgments are incorrect (i.e., people have a feeling-of-knowing but don't remember the information later or lave a low feeling-of-knowing and remember the information later. The investigators have previously shown that applying high definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex leads to more accurate feeling-of-knowing judgments. Accurate feeling-of-knowing judgments are useful in that they may later subsequent behavior. For example, individuals who have a feeling-of-knowing about the answer to a general knowledge question will continue to search their memory, whereas individuals who do not have a feeling-of-knowing will stop searching their memory. In this experiment, the investigators test the hypothesis that improving memory awareness via HD-tDCS over the DLPFC leads to improved control of memory. The approach taken is to have participants visit the lab on 3 separate occasions where they receive 3 different HD-tDCS protocols while completing a feeling-of-knowing, metamemory control, and recognition tasks: HD-tDCS over the DLPFC during the feeling-of-knowing task, HD-tDCS over the DLPFC after the feeling-of-knowing task, and sham HD-tDCS during the feeling-of-knowing task. To test metamemory control, participants are asked to select a subset of general knowledge questions that they would like to receive a hint about the answer. The expectation is that if individuals make more accurate feeling-of-knowing judgments, then they will make better choices about which items they would like to receive a hint for, thereby improving their overall memory performance. |
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| Detailed Description | Participants: 36 (18F/18M), right-handed adults, blind to the hypotheses, and with no contraindications to brain stimulation. G*Power was used to compute the required effect size for a significant F-test (alpha=0.05; 95% power; sample size=36). The required effect size (f=0.21) is lower than the previous effect size (f=0.39). To be conservative, the investigators are collecting data from more subjects in case of smaller effect sizes. Behavioral Task: There will be 99 unique general knowledge questions for each of 3 visits. Participants will perform a "once-knew-it" task where they see the question and answer yes/no whether they ever knew the answer. Next, participants will try to recall the answer, and if they cannot, indicate their feeling-of-knowing on a 1-10 scale. After answering all questions, participants will complete the control task, in which they will be shown each question that they recalled incorrectly, and will be asked if they would like to answer the questions again, but with a hint of the first letter of the answer. They may only choose 33 questions to attempt to answer again with a hint, and a counter at the bottom of the screen will let participants know how many more questions they are able to pick. Participants will then be shown the 33 questions that they chose to answer again, along with 33 questions that were chosen at random by the researcher. They will be shown each question, one at a time, with the first letter of the word below the question in parentheses (i.e., if the answer is Adams, they will be shown "starts with 'A'"). They will then be given corrective feedback for their responses in the form of a point for their score (possible to score up to 66 points). Participants will then complete a forced choice recognition test for all questions. HD-tDCS methods: HD-tDCS will be applied at 2 mA. To stimulate the left DLPFC, the stimulating electrode will be placed at F3 with 4 returns at F1, F5, FC3, and AF3. Montage was optimized using HDExplore. Impedance will be monitored recorded to measure stimulation quality, and used as a covariate in analyses. There will be 3 HD-tDCS conditions: HD-tDCS over the DLPFC during the feeling-of-knowing task, HD-tDCS over the DLPFC after the feeling-of-knowing task, and sham HD-tDCS during the feeling-of-knowing task. | ||
| Study Type ICMJE | Interventional | ||
| Study Phase | N/A | ||
| Study Design ICMJE | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment Intervention Model Description: Masking: Interventional Masking Description: Primary Purpose: Basic Science |
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| Intervention ICMJE |
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| Recruitment Information | |||
| Recruitment Status ICMJE | Recruiting | ||
| Estimated Enrollment ICMJE |
36 | ||
| Original Estimated Enrollment ICMJE | Same as current | ||
| Estimated Study Completion Date | June 30, 2019 | ||
| Estimated Primary Completion Date | June 30, 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||
| Eligibility Criteria ICMJE | Inclusion Criteria: - Healthy, right-handed adults ages 18-35. English spoken since age 5. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Exclusion Criteria: - Participants will be excluded if they have chronic skin disease or a medical skin condition, or an unhealed open wound on the scalp, face, neck, or forehead near the electrode location. - Participants will be excluded if they self-report significant medical, neurological, or psychiatric illness and/or a history of substance abuse | ||
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| Ages | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) | ||
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers | No | ||
| Listed Location Countries ICMJE | United States | ||
| Removed Location Countries | |||
| Administrative Information | Has Data Monitoring Committee | No | |
| U.S. FDA-regulated Product |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No |
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| IPD Sharing Statement |
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| Responsible Party | Elizabeth Chua，Brooklyn College of the City University of New York | ||
| Study Sponsor ICMJE | Brooklyn College of the City University of New York | ||
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| Investigators ICMJE |
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| PRS Account | Brooklyn College of the City University of New York | ||
| Verification Date | October 2018 | ||
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ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP |
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